1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
2. 先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞 (名詞或代詞) 叫先行詞。 定語從句放在先行詞的后邊?！?br />
3. 定語從句由于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。
| 關(guān)系代詞 | 在句子中的作用 | 指代作用 | | that | 主語、賓語或表語 | 指人或指物 | | who | 主語、賓語或表語 | 指人（可與that互換） | | whom | 賓語（動(dòng)賓或介賓） | 指人 | | whose | 定語 | 指人或指物 | | which | 主語或賓語 | 指物（有時(shí)可與that互換） |
1. who指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
5. whose 作定語
I know the girl whose mother is a famous doctor.
在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，有如下要點(diǎn)：
1 由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，因此， 要正確判斷關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）
3 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）
4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞長可省略，但在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。指人時(shí)，介詞后只用whom，指物時(shí)，介詞后只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時(shí)，只用who，指物時(shí)，只用which。
小練習(xí)：
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
| 關(guān)系副詞 | 在句子中的作用 | 指代作用 | | when(on / in /during which) | 時(shí)間狀語 | 指代時(shí)間名詞 | | where(in / at which) | 地點(diǎn)狀語 | 指代地點(diǎn)名稱 | | why( for which) | 原因狀語 | 指代原因 |
1. when 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語
I’ll never forget the day when we met for the first time.
The story happened on the day when he was born.
2. Where 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
This is the place where I lived 5 years ago.
He showed me the building where his father worked.
3. Why 在從句中作原因狀語
I don’t know the reason why he is always late for school.
This is the reason why we must go earlier.
在定語從句中，只用 that 不用 which 的情況
1〉當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，或限定詞：the only，the same，the last, the very 等修飾時(shí)，只用that，不用 which
1.This is my first trip _____I have made in my life.
2.The most beautiful place ______he has visited is Guilin.
3.This is the only gift _____I have got from him.
4. It is the very pen _____ I am looking for.
5. The last place _____they visited in China was Mount Hua.
6. This is the very book ______ belongs to him.
2〉當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，如：anything， all，no， some， every，everything， nothing， none，much， little等詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which
1. She took away everything _________belongs to her.
2.You can borrow any book ________ you want to read.
3.I’m sure she has something _______ you can borrow.
4. I’ve read all the books_______ I borrowed from Betty.
3〉當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的先行詞，且先行詞中有人也有物時(shí)，只用that， 不用which。
The old man talked about the persons and things ______he could remember.
The writer and his novel _____ you talked about just now are really well known.
4〉當(dāng)主句以who 或which 開頭時(shí), 只用that,不用which：
Who is the girl _____spoke to you just now?
Which is the car _______was made in China?
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