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        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

        信息發(fā)布者:Sarah789
        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

        概念
        過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

        構(gòu)成
        ①肯定句:主語+have/has +過去分詞

        ②否定句:主語+have/has +not+過去分詞

        ③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞

        時(shí)間狀語:
        for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until,  up to now, in the past few years, recently, …


        一般過去時(shí)
        表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情
        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
        表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響


        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較


        1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;
             現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
        eg:
        I saw this film yesterday.  ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。)

        I have seen this film.  ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)


        2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;

               現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。

        一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
        yesterday, last week,…ago, in1990, in October, just now, …—— 具體的時(shí)間狀語  

        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
        for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until,  up to now, in the past few years, recently, … —— 模糊的時(shí)間狀語

        句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),
        不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)
          (錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.  
             (對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.


        3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如:
                 live, teach,  learn, work, study, know.
             一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有:
                 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married.

           She joined the League three years ago.
               (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)

         She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).
               (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

         She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).
          (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))



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