since 和 for 的用法及區(qū)別：

一、since 的四種用法
1. since + 過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six
I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在這兒。

2. since+ 一段時(shí)間+ago
I have been here since five months ago。自從五個(gè)月前，我已經(jīng)在這兒了。

3. since+從句
Changes have taken place since you left. 自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

4. It is +一段時(shí)間+since從句
It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成為英語(yǔ)老師有兩年了。

二、since 和for區(qū)別
1. Since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，具體時(shí)間
“自從、、、、以來(lái)，從、、、以后” 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間
I have been in Beijing since 2010.

2. For + 時(shí)間段，用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，因此句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
I have been in Beijing for one year。
We have learnt English for about three years.

I have been here for 3 days. (對(duì))
I have arrived here for 3 days.（誤）

三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止 性動(dòng)詞的概念
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。
如：
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

終止性動(dòng)詞
也稱 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。
如：
open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等
I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：It raind at eight yesterday morning . （誤）
rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ，而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可借助come begin get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。
上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)
又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.

五、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？

2.終 止 性 動(dòng) 詞表 示 的 動(dòng) 作 極 其 短 暫 ， 不 能 持 續(xù)。因此，不 可 與 表 示 一 段 時(shí) 間 的 狀 語(yǔ)用
(只限肯定式)。
如：
（1)他死了三年了。
誤：
He has died for three years.
正：
He has been dead for three years.
正：
He died three years ago.
正：
It is three years since he died.
正：
Three years has passed since he died.

(2)
他來(lái)這兒五天了。
誤：
He has come here for five days.
正：
He has been here for five days.
正：
He came here five days ago.
正：
It is five days since he came here.
正：
Five days has passed since he came here.

句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方
式。
下面列舉幾例：
leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be
on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member
of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold


【練習(xí)】
1. 用since和for填空
　　1) ______ two years      2) _______ two years ago      3) _______ last month
　　4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
　　7) ______ 4 hours          8) _______ an hour ago        9) _______ we were children
　　10) _____ lunch time     11) ______ she left here
　　1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
　　2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
　　3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
　　4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.
　　5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
　 → be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
　　1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
　　He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
　　2) I moved to the USA last year.
　　I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
　　3) I went home yesterday.
　　I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
　　4) They came here last week.
　　They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
　　1) He came out two years ago.
　　He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
　　2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
　　We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become → be
　　1) I became a teacher in 2000.
　　I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
　　2) The river became dirty last year.
　　The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close → be closed open → be open
　　1) The shop closed two hours ago.
　　The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
　　2) The door opened at six in the morning.
　　The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up die → be dead
　　leave sw. → be away from sw.
　　fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
　　finish/end → be over marry → be married
　　1) I got up two hours ago.
　　I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
　　2) He left Fuzhou just now.
　　He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
　　3) My grandpa died in 2002.
　　My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
　　4) The meeting finished at six.
　　The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
　　5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
　　I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
　　6) They married in 1990.
　　They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
　　1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
　　I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
　　2) The film began two minutes ago.
　　The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
　　catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
　　1) They borrowed it last week.
　　They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
　　2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
　　I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
　　3) I got to know him last year.
　　I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
　　4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
　　I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to → have been in
　　1) He has gone to Beijing.
　　He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

3.漢譯英
　　1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
　　2）他離開(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。
　　3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。
　　4）他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。
　　5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
　　6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
　　7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
　　8）這會(huì)已開(kāi)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
　　9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
　　10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
　　11）自從1999年以來(lái)他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。
　　12）我來(lái)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)已5年了。

since 和 for 的用法及區(qū)別：

一、since 的四種用法
1. since + 過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six
I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在這兒。

2. since+ 一段時(shí)間+ago
I have been here since five months ago。自從五個(gè)月前，我已經(jīng)在這兒了。

3. since+從句
Changes have taken place since you left. 自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

4. It is +一段時(shí)間+since從句
It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成為英語(yǔ)老師有兩年了。

二、since 和for區(qū)別
1. Since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，具體時(shí)間
“自從、、、、以來(lái)，從、、、以后” 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間
I have been in Beijing since 2010.

2. For + 時(shí)間段，用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，因此句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
I have been in Beijing for one year。
We have learnt English for about three years.

I have been here for 3 days. (對(duì))
I have arrived here for 3 days.（誤）

三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止 性動(dòng)詞的概念
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。
如：
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

終止性動(dòng)詞
也稱 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。
如：
open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等
I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：It raind at eight yesterday morning . （誤）
rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ，而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可借助come begin get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。
上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)
又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.

五、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？

2.終 止 性 動(dòng) 詞表 示 的 動(dòng) 作 極 其 短 暫 ， 不 能 持 續(xù)。因此，不 可 與 表 示 一 段 時(shí) 間 的 狀 語(yǔ)用
(只限肯定式)。
如：
（1)他死了三年了。
誤：
He has died for three years.
正：
He has been dead for three years.
正：
He died three years ago.
正：
It is three years since he died.
正：
Three years has passed since he died.

(2)
他來(lái)這兒五天了。
誤：
He has come here for five days.
正：
He has been here for five days.
正：
He came here five days ago.
正：
It is five days since he came here.
正：
Five days has passed since he came here.

句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方
式。
下面列舉幾例：
leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be
on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member
of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold


【練習(xí)】
1. 用since和for填空
　　1) ______ two years      2) _______ two years ago      3) _______ last month
　　4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
　　7) ______ 4 hours          8) _______ an hour ago        9) _______ we were children
　　10) _____ lunch time     11) ______ she left here
　　1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
　　2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
　　3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
　　4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.
　　5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
　 → be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
　　1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
　　He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
　　2) I moved to the USA last year.
　　I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
　　3) I went home yesterday.
　　I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
　　4) They came here last week.
　　They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
　　1) He came out two years ago.
　　He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
　　2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
　　We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become → be
　　1) I became a teacher in 2000.
　　I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
　　2) The river became dirty last year.
　　The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close → be closed open → be open
　　1) The shop closed two hours ago.
　　The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
　　2) The door opened at six in the morning.
　　The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up die → be dead
　　leave sw. → be away from sw.
　　fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
　　finish/end → be over marry → be married
　　1) I got up two hours ago.
　　I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
　　2) He left Fuzhou just now.
　　He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
　　3) My grandpa died in 2002.
　　My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
　　4) The meeting finished at six.
　　The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
　　5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
　　I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
　　6) They married in 1990.
　　They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
　　1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
　　I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
　　2) The film began two minutes ago.
　　The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
　　catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
　　1) They borrowed it last week.
　　They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
　　2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
　　I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
　　3) I got to know him last year.
　　I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
　　4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
　　I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to → have been in
　　1) He has gone to Beijing.
　　He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

3.漢譯英
　　1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
　　2）他離開(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。
　　3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。
　　4）他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。
　　5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
　　6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
　　7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
　　8）這會(huì)已開(kāi)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
　　9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
　　10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
　　11）自從1999年以來(lái)他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。
　　12）我來(lái)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)已5年了。