七年級下英語Unit6知識點(譯林版)
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7B Unit 6 Outdoor funs知識點
Comic strip
1.Outdoor fun 戶外趣事
outdoor形容詞,意為“戶外的”,在句中只能用作定語。同義詞為outside(外部的)
e.g: Outdoor sunlight is very good for our health.戶外的陽光對我們的健康很有好處。
[拓展]outdoor常構(gòu)成固定短語:
outdoor activities 室外活動
outdoor life 野外生活
outdoor exercises 戶外運動
outdoor theatre 露天劇場
2.Hurry up, Eddie. Eddie快點。
hurry up快點,趕快;常用于祈使句,不能用于否定句。hurry動詞,意為“急忙,匆忙”,后面直接接表示方向的副詞或介詞短語,習(xí)慣上不接go,come,move等之類的表示運動方向的動詞
e.g: Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.快點,否則你上課要遲到了。
She hurried to the airport.她匆匆趕往機場。
[拓展]hurry還可作名詞,意為“匆忙;倉促;急忙”,固定短語in a hurry(匆忙地)
e.g: He was in a hurry to leave.他急切地要離開。
[提醒]hurry off/away匆匆離去
e.g: Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.趙老師匆匆趕去照看那個男人。
3.You complain too much.你抱怨的太多。
complain動詞,意為“抱怨”,指心中對人或事物不滿或身體感到不適或因痛苦而對別人訴說、抱怨。固定短語有: complain about sth. 抱怨某事;complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事
e.g: You have no reason to complain.你沒有理由抱怨。
She often complains about the price of food.她常常抱怨食品的價格。
[提醒]表示“向某人抱怨某事”,要用complain to sb. about sth.
e.g: I have to complain to the manager about it.就這件事我不得不向經(jīng)理申訴。
Welcome to the unit
1.cycling
cycling名詞,意為“騎自行車運動”,動詞為cycle(騎自行車)
e.g: Beijing is a good place for cycling.北京是一個騎自行車運動的好地方。
They cycled 100 miles around the lake.他們圍著湖騎行了100英里。
Reading
1.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起頭,看到了一只穿著外套的白色兔子走了過去。
(1)look up在句中意為“抬頭看;往上看”。look up還有“查閱”之意
e.g: My brother looked up from his book as I walked into his room.當(dāng)我走進我弟弟的房間時,他從書里抬起頭看了看。
The students went to the library to look up the information.學(xué)生們?nèi)D書館查資料了。
[拓展]look構(gòu)成的其他常用短語:
look over 查看;審閱 look through瀏覽
look after照料;保管 look out 當(dāng)心;留神
look round/around環(huán)顧四周 look down on/upon藐視;看不起
(2)pass動詞,意為“經(jīng)過”,后面接名詞或代詞作賓語
e.g: I passed the shop on my way to the library.我在去圖書館的路上經(jīng)過了那家商店。
[拓展]pass作動詞,還可表示“通過;度過”
e.g: In the end, I passed the English exam.最后,我通過了英語考試。
pass作動詞,還可表示“傳,遞”,pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物傳給某人
e.g: Pass me some bread, please.請遞一些面包給我。
(3)by副詞,意為“經(jīng)過”,常與動詞go,walk,run等連用
e.g: I saw Tom walking by, carrying two books.我看到Tom拿著兩本書走過去了。
[拓展]by還可作介詞,意為“靠近;在...旁邊;通過;被;經(jīng)由”
e.g: The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖邊的那座房子是家飯店。
Do you often go to school by bike?你經(jīng)常騎自行車去上學(xué)嗎?
Please learn the new words by heart.請用心記住這些生詞。
2.It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time.它從口袋里拿出一只表,看了看時間。
take out是固定短語,表示“取出;拔出;除掉”。其中out是副詞,名詞作賓語放在out前后都可以;但若是代詞作賓語須放在take與out之間。若表示“從...取出某物”用介詞of
e.g: He opened his schoolbag and took out a notebook/took a notebook out.他打開書包,拿出了一個筆記本。
Your pen is in the box. Please take it out.你的鋼筆在盒子里。請取出來。
[拓展]take out還表示“把...帶出去”
e.g: My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我父親要帶我出去兜風(fēng)。
[提醒]out of短語后若無賓語,則應(yīng)將of省略
3.Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.Alice不想讓那個兔子逃脫,所以她也跳下了那個洞。
get away逃脫
e.g: The robbers rushed into the car and got away quickly.搶劫犯沖進小汽車迅速逃脫了。
[拓展]get away還表示“離開”
e.g:I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就動身離開。
4.Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.Ailce下落了很長一段時間,然后她撞到了地面。
(1)fall動詞,意為“落下,掉落;倒下,跌落,”固定短語有:fall down掉下,摔下;fall off 掉下,跌落;fall behind落后,跟不上;fall over跌翻,摔倒
e.g: Babies often fall when they are learning to walk.嬰兒學(xué)走路時時常會跌倒。
Please climb down the tree, or you will fall down.請從樹上下來,不然你會摔下來的。
[拓展]fall作名詞,表示“秋天”,相當(dāng)于英式英語中的autumn
e.g: Fall is a harvest season.秋天是收獲的季節(jié)。
(2)hit動詞,意為“擊中,撞”,后面直接接人或物作賓語
e.g: Look out! Don’t hit the tree.當(dāng)心!不要撞在樹上。
[提醒]在表達“擊中”或“打了”某人某個部位時,英語用“主語+謂語+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”結(jié)構(gòu),常用的介詞有on,in。在臉、肚子等較柔軟的部位,用in;在頭、鼻子、背等較硬部位,用on
e.g: She hit in the face/on the head.她打了他的臉/頭。
[拓展]hit作動詞,還可表示“襲擊,使...遭受”
e.g: A typhoon hit Taiwan last month.上個月,一場臺風(fēng)襲擊了臺灣。
5.She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她發(fā)現(xiàn)她獨自一人在一個又長又矮的大廳里。
(1)find herself alone為固定結(jié)構(gòu)“find+賓語+形容詞”,表示“發(fā)覺某人/某物處于某種(意外的)狀態(tài)”;find動詞,還可意為“認為,覺得”
e.g: I find English very important.我認為英語很重要。
[提醒]“find+賓語+介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“發(fā)覺某人/某物(在哪里)”
e.g: He woke up and found himself in a hospital bed.他醒來發(fā)覺自己躺在醫(yī)院的床上。
[拓展]類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:“keep/make/think...+賓語+形容詞”
e.g: We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室干凈。
His words made us happy.他的話讓我們很高興。
(2)alone形容詞,意為“獨自,單獨”,習(xí)慣上只用作表語,指客觀上獨自一人,相當(dāng)于by oneself或on one's own
e.g: Some parents sometimes have to leave their children alone at home.一些父母有時不得不把孩子一個人留在家里。
[拓展]alone作副詞,意為“單獨;獨自”
e.g: The old man lives alone in the country.這位老人獨自住在農(nóng)村。
(3)low形容詞,意為“低的,矮的”,一般指有形物體的高度、溫度、價格、聲音等方面的高低,作定語或表語。反義詞為high(高的)
e.g: The temperature is high/low these days.這些天溫度高/低。
[拓展]low還可作副詞,意為“低地;低聲地”,放在動詞之后
e.g: My hometown lies low in a hidden valley.我的家鄉(xiāng)位于一個隱蔽的山谷里。
6.There were doors all around, but they were all locked.四周都有門,但是都是鎖著的。
lucked形容詞,意為“鎖上的”,動詞lock(鎖上;鎖好,關(guān)好),過去式為locked
e.g: The building was locked, and all of us felt safe.大樓被鎖上了,我們都感到安全了。
Are you sure you locked the front door?你確定鎖了前門嗎?
[拓展]類似在詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成其形容詞的動詞有:
close關(guān),關(guān)閉--closed 關(guān)著的
pollute污染--polluted受污染的
7.Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一個小門,并把鑰匙投了進去。
(1)notice動詞,意為“注意,察覺”,后面直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語
e.g:He was so busy that he didn’t notice me.他太忙了,沒有注意到我。
[提醒]notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事;notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事
e.g:He noticed a bird singing in the tree.他注意到一只鳥正在樹上唱歌。
I noticed him enter the office.我注意到他進了辦公室。
[拓展]notice 還可作名詞,意為“通告,通知,布告”,復(fù)數(shù)為notices
e.g:There is a notice on the wall.墻上有一則通告。
(2)put...into...動詞短語,意為“把...放進...”,into介詞,意為“到...里面”
e.g: Don’t put the old photo into your wallet.不要把那張舊照片放進你的錢包。
[拓展]put 與不同的介詞連用構(gòu)成不同的短語:put...on/under/behind...把...放在...上/下/后面
e.g:You should put the football under the bed.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把足球放在床下面。
8.Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.Alice試著穿過這扇門,但是她太大了。
through介詞,意為“穿過,通過”,強調(diào)從某個立體空間內(nèi)穿越,指穿過隧道、窗戶、門、森林等
e.g:The dog can’t walk through the hole.這只狗不能從這個洞鉆過去。
[辨析] through,across,over與past
詞條
| 含義
| 用法
| through
| 介詞,意為“穿過,通過”
| 強調(diào)從某個立體空間內(nèi)穿越
| across
| 介詞,意為“穿過”
| 強調(diào)從某個平面的一邊到另一邊
| over
| 介詞,意為“越過,跨越”
| 強調(diào)從某物的正上面跨越
| past
| 介詞,意為“經(jīng)過,超過”
| 強調(diào)從某物/某人的旁邊經(jīng)過
|
e.g:You can see through the glass.你可以透過這塊玻璃看過去。
Walk across the bridge, and you’ll see a tall tree.走過那座橋,你會看見一棵大樹。
Tom likes jumping over the chair.Tom喜歡從椅子上跳過去。
He is walking past the post office.他正從郵局旁邊走過。
Grammar
1.一般過去時
行為動詞一般過去時的各種句型結(jié)構(gòu):
| 句型結(jié)構(gòu)
| | 主語+動詞的過去式+其他
| | 主語+didn’t+動詞原形+其他。(其中didn’t=did not,did是do的過去式,為助動詞。)
| | | Did+主語+動詞原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+did.
否定回答:No,主語+did+not.
| | 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?
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2.We put up our tent near a lake. 我們把我們的帳篷搭在湖邊。
put up “掛起,舉起”,常用于掛旗子、舉手等。賓語是名詞時,可放在put與up的中間或后面,但賓語是代詞時,一定要放在中間。
[拓展]put up 張貼
e.g: Please put up these posters on the wall quickly. 請快點把這些海報張貼到墻上。
put構(gòu)成的短語有:
put on 穿上
put out 撲滅
put away 收起來;放好
put off 推遲,延期
Integrated skills
1.found a new way to make paper 找到一種新方法來造紙
make paper “造紙”,是“動詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
make (v.)“做,制作”,指用材料來制作某事或制造一種從前不存在的東西。
[拓展]make常構(gòu)成的短語有:
make clothes 做衣服
make dumplings 做水餃
make a kite 做風(fēng)箏
make model planes 制作飛機模型
make too much noise 發(fā)出太多噪音
2.used bamboo to make kites 用竹子來制作風(fēng)箏
use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
[拓展]used to do sth. 過去常常做某事,表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),而現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或存在。
e.g: They used to be good friends. 他們過去是好朋友。
3.made a bird out of wood 用木頭做一只鳥
wood (n.)木頭,木材
形容詞 wooden(木制的)
e.g: Our desks and chairs are made of wood. 我們的課桌椅是木制的。
I want to buy a wooden box. 我想買個木匣子。
[拓展]類似的由物質(zhì)名詞加后綴-en構(gòu)成的形容詞還有:
gold(金子) golden(金色的,金質(zhì)的)
wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛的,毛紡的)
4.In the ... century, an Italian man called ... visited China.
在……世紀,一位叫做……的意大利人拜訪了中國。
century (n.)世紀,百年
e.g: We are living in the 21st century. 我們生活在21世紀。
[拓展]用century表示“幾世紀”,要用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the+序數(shù)詞+century”,century前需用序數(shù)詞,并加定冠詞the。
e.g: the twentieth century 20世紀
[提醒]this century或the century指“本世紀”;last century指“上個世紀”;next century指“下個世紀”。
5.Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making ... from then on.
山東省的一個城市濰坊,從那時起因為制作……而出名。
from then on 從那時起,作時間狀語,與一般過去時連用,相當(dāng)于from that time on。
e.g: From then on, he worked harder. 從那時起,他工作更加努力了。
6.We’re having a picnic today. 今天我們在野餐。
have a picnic 去野餐,相當(dāng)于go for a picnic
picnic (n.)野餐
e.g: If the weather is nice, we’ll go out for a picnic. 如果天氣好,我們將去野餐。
[拓展]由“have a + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語有:
have a look 看一看
have a seat 坐下
have a chat 聊天
have a try 試一試
Task
1.She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller.
她低頭看到自己的身體變得越來越小。
become (v.)“開始變得,變成”,后接形容詞或名詞短語作表語。
e.g: The sky becomes cloudy. 天空變得多云了。
[拓展]類似become的連系動詞有:look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。
2.Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.
很快愛麗絲變得足夠小能穿過那扇門,所以她決定進入花園。
(1)decide (v.)決定
decide to do sth. 決定做某事
e.g: My home is only 5 minutes’ walk from school. I decide to walk there every day.
我家到學(xué)校只要步行五分鐘。我決定每天步行上學(xué)。
[提醒]decide to do sth.否定式為decide not to do sth.,表示“決定不做某事”。
(2)enter (v.)“進入,加入”,后面不能接介詞,相當(dāng)于come/go into。
e.g: Please enter the house by the back door. 請從后門進屋。
[拓展]enter (v.)“參加”,后面可接考試、比賽等。
e.g: He is going to enter the drawing competition. 他將要去參加繪畫比賽。
[提醒]enter的名詞為entrance,意為“進入,入口處”,the entrance to ...表示“……的入口處”。
3.When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key.
當(dāng)她走向門的時候,她忘了鑰匙這件事情。
(1)towards (prep.)“向,朝”,還可寫成toward,強調(diào)方向性,常與動詞連用,后接名詞或代詞。
e.g: The sunflower turns toward(s) the Sun. 向日葵朝向太陽。
[辨析]towards與to
詞條
| 含義
| 用法
| towards
| 介詞,意為“向,朝”
| 只表示“方向”,不含到達某地之意
| to
| 介詞,意為“向,朝;面對”
| 表示向目的地走,往往帶有“已到達某地”的意思
|
(2)用法forget about表示“忘記;遺忘”,其中about可省略。forget后跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句作賓語。
e.g: I almost forgot my umbrella. 我差一點就忘了我的雨傘。
[注意]①forget to do sth.表示“忘記去做某事(事情還未做)”
e.g: Don’t forget to close the window when you leave the room. 離開房間時不要忘了關(guān)窗戶。
②forget doing sth. 表示“忘記了做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做完)”
e.g: I forgot telling him about it. 我忘記了曾經(jīng)告訴過他這件事。
4.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.
愛麗絲不得不回到桌子邊,但是她太小了以至于夠不到鑰匙。
(1)too ... to ...太……而不能……,too后面接形容詞原形;to是動詞不定式符號。
e.g: My son is too young to join the army. 我兒子太小不能參軍。
[拓展]too...to...可與“形容詞+enough to do sth.”轉(zhuǎn)換使用。
e.g: The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school.
這男孩太小了,不能上學(xué)。
(2)reach (v.)“伸手(腳)夠到”,后面直接跟賓語。
e.g: The apples on the tree are red and big, but I can’t reach them.樹上的蘋果又紅又大,但我夠不到。
[拓展]reach (v.)“到達”,后面直接跟賓語,相當(dāng)于get to或arrive at/in。
e.g: Mr and Mrs Black will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon. 布萊克夫婦將于明天下午到達上海。
5.She tried to climb up, but failed. 她試圖爬起來,但是失敗了。
(1)climb (v.)“爬,攀登”,后面直接跟賓語,也常與up, down, into, to, over等介詞連用。
e.g: All cats like climbing up trees. 所有的貓都喜歡爬樹。
[拓展]與climb有關(guān)的常用短語有:
climb (up) the tree 爬(上)樹
climb (down) the hill 爬(下)山
climb the ladder 爬梯子
(2)fail “失敗”,通常強調(diào)做了,但是沒有成功。
固定短語: fail in sth. 在某事上失敗了
fail to do sth. 做某事失敗了
反義詞:succeed(成功)
e.g: He wanted to run away but failed. 他想逃跑,但失敗了。
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